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This report shows insufficient progress towards the 2025 targets of the World Health Assembly and Sustainable Development Goal number three, addressing preventable deaths among children under five years. Joint global estimates from the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), WHO, and the World Bank revealed that nearly 17 million children under five years old had SAM in 2018, with 4.4 million from Sub-Saharan Africa. SAM is an important public health problem and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among children under five years worldwide. Children with SAM have weakened immune system, are more susceptible to diseases and have an increased risk of mortality.
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SAM is a life threatening condition, and has been associated with poverty, inadequate nutrient intake, lack of access to adequate health services, and concurrent diseases. A Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <11.5 cm is also indicative of SAM in children 6–59 months of age. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is defined as a weight for height below -3 Z-scores of the median World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, or visible severe wasting, or the presence of bilateral pitting edema in children under five years old.